Biological Scientists, All Other

People in this field investigate the biological world through diverse roles, working as bioanalysts, biomedical scientists, or ecologists. Their day-to-day activities revolve around scientific research, which involves designing experiments, collecting specimens, and analyzing biological data. Depending on their specific focus, these scientists might study microscopic organisms, plant life, or the biological systems of animals and humans.

Success in this career requires strong investigative interests, as professionals must be curious about physical and life sciences. Analytical thinking, attention to detail, and scientific integrity are critical work styles. They must possess deep knowledge of biology, chemistry, and research methodologies. Communication skills are also essential, as these scientists regularly write technical reports, publish research papers, and collaborate with other researchers to share their findings.

Entering this career typically requires at least a bachelor's degree. Students prepare by majoring in fields such as general biology, biochemistry, biophysics and molecular biology, or biotechnology. Other relevant college majors include neurobiology and neurosciences, applied mathematics, physiology, pathology and related sciences, or ecology, evolution, systematics, and population biology. Some individuals also enter the field after studying research and experimental psychology.

While a bachelor's degree provides a starting point, some roles and advanced research positions may require graduate-level education. Additionally, licensing requirements vary by location, as some states list a license for this work. Prospective scientists should check the specific regulations in their state to see if licensing is necessary for their intended practice area.

The median annual pay for these biological scientists was $98,920 in 2025. Earnings can vary significantly based on experience, education, and industry; the lowest 10 percent of workers earn less than $60,430, while the highest 10 percent earn more than $168,010.

There are 55,850 people employed in this occupation. Employment is projected to grow by 4.7 percent from 2025 to 2035, which is as fast as the average for all occupations. This growth, combined with the need to replace workers who leave the field, is expected to result in about 4,300 job openings each year.