Microbiologists

Microbiologists spend their days investigating the life cycles and characteristics of microscopic organisms. They frequently study how bacteria, fungi, or algae interact with their environments, and some focus on how infectious organisms cause disease or react to antibiotics. Their daily activities rely heavily on working with computers, gathering and processing information, and analyzing data. They must also document their findings carefully and evaluate their work to ensure it complies with established safety and scientific standards.

To succeed in this investigative field, professionals need strong skills in science, critical thinking, reading comprehension, and complex problem solving. They must communicate their findings clearly through writing and speaking. A deep knowledge of biology, chemistry, mathematics, and computers is essential. Because laboratory work requires extreme precision, microbiologists must possess work styles such as high attention to detail, intellectual curiosity, dependability, and cautiousness. They must also show perseverance and initiative when managing long-term research projects.

Entering this career typically requires a bachelor's degree. Because this occupation is classified under O*NET Job Zone 4, most professionals also need several years of work experience in a related scientific setting before they are fully qualified. Students preparing for this field commonly major in microbiological sciences and immunology, biochemistry, biophysics and molecular biology, cell or cellular biology, or soil sciences.

While a degree is the primary requirement, additional credentials can help graduates stand out. For example, the American Society for Clinical Pathology offers a certification as a Technologist in Microbiology. Additionally, some states list a license for this work, so candidates should check local regulations. Related careers that require similar preparation include biochemists, biological technicians, medical scientists, histotechnologists, geneticists, and chemists.

In 2025, the median annual pay for microbiologists was $87,990. The lowest 10% of earners in this field made less than $54,670, while the highest 10% earned more than $150,000. There are 18,940 people employed in this occupation. Between 2025 and 2035, employment is projected to grow by 6.2%, which is faster than the average for all occupations. This growth is expected to result in approximately 1,500 job openings each year.