Astronomers

Astronomers spend their time observing, researching, and interpreting celestial phenomena to solve practical problems or build basic scientific knowledge. Day-to-day tasks rely heavily on working with computers, getting information, and analyzing data. These scientists must process information, identify objects or events in space, and think creatively to solve complex problems.

This career attracts people with strong investigative interests who enjoy intellectual curiosity, innovation, and attention to detail. Success in this field requires perseverance, dependability, and a high tolerance for ambiguity. Astronomers must apply advanced knowledge of physics, mathematics, chemistry, and computers. They use critical thinking, active learning, and reading comprehension to evaluate their findings. Additionally, they must write and speak clearly to share their discoveries, requiring strong skills in the English language, communication, and education.

Entering this career requires extensive preparation, classified as O*NET Job Zone 5. To start working as an astronomer, individuals typically need a doctoral or professional degree. Most professionals in this field hold a graduate degree, such as a PhD or a master's degree.

Students preparing for this career path generally choose college majors focused on the physical sciences. The most direct academic programs that lead to this profession are astronomy and astrophysics, as well as physics and astronomy. Through these programs, students gain the deep foundational knowledge of physics, mathematics, and engineering technology necessary to conduct advanced space research. No specific professional licenses or certifications are listed as requirements to enter this field.

In 2025, the median annual pay for astronomers was $128,820. This means half of the workers in this occupation earned more than this amount, while the other half earned less. The lowest 10 percent of earners made less than $78,010, while the highest 10 percent earned more than $195,190.

There were 2,120 people employed in this field. Between 2025 and 2035, employment is projected to grow by 7.8 percent, which is faster than the average for all occupations. Despite this fast growth rate, the relatively small size of the profession means there are only about 100 job openings projected each year.