Soil and Plant Scientists

People in this career focus on the biological and chemical processes that affect plant growth and soil health. On a daily basis, they analyze data, process complex information, and use computers to document their findings. Their research often involves studying crop yields, breeding methods, pest control, and soil mineralogy to help farmers and land managers make informed decisions. Solving complex problems and thinking creatively are essential for developing sustainable agricultural practices.

This role is highly investigative, requiring strong skills in science, mathematics, biology, and chemistry. Scientists must possess excellent reading comprehension and active learning abilities to stay updated on scientific advancements. They also need strong communication skills, including writing and speaking, to interpret technical data for supervisors, peers, and the public. Success in this field relies on work styles such as intellectual curiosity, attention to detail, and perseverance when conducting long-term experiments. Geography and engineering knowledge also help these scientists map soils and evaluate different land management practices.

To enter this field, candidates typically need at least a bachelor's degree. However, because this occupation requires extensive preparation, many professionals go on to earn a graduate degree, such as a master's or a PhD. Common college majors that prepare students for this career include plant sciences, soil sciences, botany or plant biology, agriculture, agricultural production operations, and food science and technology.

Depending on the specific career focus, professionals can pursue voluntary certifications to demonstrate their expertise. Available credentials include the Certified Crop Advisor, Certified Crop Adviser - Sustainability Specialty, and Certified Crop Adviser - Resistance Management Specialty from the American Society of Agronomy. Other options include the Associate Professional Horticulturist, Associate Certified Entomologist, and Board Certified Entomologist. Additionally, some states list licensing requirements for individuals performing this type of scientific work.

In 2025, the median annual pay for soil and plant scientists was $78,850. Earnings vary based on experience and education, with the lowest 10% earning less than $48,680 and the highest 10% earning more than $138,120.

There are 15,730 people employed in this occupation. Between 2025 and 2035, employment is projected to grow by 6.7%, which is faster than the average for all occupations. This growth is expected to generate approximately 1,400 job openings each year.