Biologists

Biologists investigate the natural world to understand how living organisms function and interact. On a daily basis, these professionals focus on getting information, processing it, and analyzing data to solve complex scientific problems. They spend significant time working with computers to estimate quantifiable characteristics of biological events, organize their research, and update their scientific knowledge.

This role requires strong skills in science, mathematics, critical thinking, and reading comprehension to interpret research findings. Because biologists frequently collaborate with other researchers, they must be skilled in writing, speaking, and active listening to communicate clearly with supervisors and peers. Successful biologists typically have a strong investigative interest and display work styles such as intellectual curiosity, attention to detail, and innovation. They rely on a deep understanding of biology, chemistry, and English, alongside knowledge of administration and technology, to plan and prioritize their research projects.

To enter this career, a bachelor's degree is the typical entry-level education. However, the occupation is classified as requiring extensive preparation, meaning most professionals in the field ultimately need a graduate degree, such as a master's degree, PhD, MD, or JD.

Students preparing for this career often major in biology, biochemistry, biophysics and molecular biology, or biotechnology. Other relevant college majors include ecology, evolution, systematics, and population biology, as well as physiology, neurobiology, applied mathematics, and research and experimental psychology. Depending on the specific job and location, some states list a license for this work. Additionally, professionals can earn voluntary credentials, such as the Certified Environmental Scientist certification from the National Registry of Environmental Professionals.

In 2025, the median annual pay for this occupation was $98,920. Earnings can vary significantly based on experience, education, and industry; the lowest 10% of earners make less than $60,430, while the highest 10% earn more than $168,010. These wage figures represent the broader Bureau of Labor Statistics group categorized as "Biological scientists, all other."

There are 55,850 people employed in this field. Between 2025 and 2035, employment is projected to grow by 4.7%, which is as fast as the average for all occupations. This growth, along with normal staff turnover, is expected to result in approximately 4,300 job openings each year.